6.3.16 System Description, Complexity and Cost
6.3.16.1 As noted in Section 2, Key Digital Principles, the more recent generations of computers have sufficient power to manipulate large audio files. All recent generation computers incorporate hard disks of adequate speed and size, and an external HDD adapter can be plugged into a USB, Firewire or SCSI port. The system complexity and the degree of expertise required to run such systems is not much greater than is necessary for desktop computer operation.
6.3.16.2 When large quantities of audio and audiovisual material required for access are stored on HDDs, the disks are usually incorporated into a RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive (or Independent) Disks). RAID increases the reliability of the hard disk system, and the overall access speed by treating the array of disks as one large hard disk. If a disk fails, it can be replaced and all the data on that disk can be reconstructed with data from the rest of the disks in the array. The level of failure the system will tolerate, and the speed of recovery from such failures is a product of the RAID levels. RAID is not designed as a data preservation tool, but as a means of maintaining access through inevitable disk failures. The appropriate RAID level for any particular installation, and the requirement for duplication of controllers, is dependant on the particular circumstance and the frequency of data duplication. A RAID requires that all disks in the array be turned on when any part of the disk is in use. All RAIDs containing archival material, as with all digital data, must be duplicated more than once on other carriers.
Capacity | Native tape capacity (GB) | # of tapes |
Recommended # of tape drives |
Maximum # of drives |
System price (€) | Tape price (€) | Drive price (€) | Cost per GB (€) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 TB | 800 | 13 | 2 | 4 | 20.480 | 97 | 7.625 | 2,05 |
50 TB | 800 | 63 | 4 | 16 | 56.800 | 97 | 10.175 | 1,14 |
100 TB | 800 | 125 | 8 | 16 | 134.050 | 97 | 12.725 | 1,34 |
200 TB | 800 | 250 | 12 | 16 | 205.350 | 97 | 12.725 | 1,03 |
500 TB | 800 | 625 | 18 | 56 | 446.938 | 97 | 15.975 | 0,89 |
1000 TB | 800 | 1250 | 36 | 88 | 864.517 | 97 | 15.975 | 0,86 |
2000 TB | 800 | 2500 | 72 | 176 | 1.687.690 | 97 | 15.975 | 0,84 |
Table 2 Section 6.3: Investment Costs of LTO-4 technology based Storage Systems
Capacity | HW maintenance, year 1 (€) | SW maintenance, year 1 (€) | HW maintenance, year 2 (€) | SW maintenance, year 2 (€) | HW maintenance, year 3 (€) | SW maintenance, year 3 (€) | HW maintenance, year 4 (€) | SW maintenance, year 4 (€) | HW maintenance, year 5 (€) | SW maintenance, year 5 (€) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 TB | 2.420 | n/a | 2.420 | n/a | 2.420 | n/a | 2.514 | n/a | 2.514 | n/a |
50 TB | 3.454 | n/a | 4.958 | n/a | 4.958 | n/a | 4.958 | n/a | 4.958 | n/a |
100 TB | 11.808 | 490 | 13.817 | 490 | 13.817 | 490 | 13.817 | 490 | 13.817 | 490 |
200 TB | 15.787 | 582 | 19.323 | 582 | 19.323 | 582 | 19.323 | 582 | 19.323 | 582 |
500 TB | 27.380 | 1.068 | 34.111 | 1.068 | 34.111 | 1.068 | 34.111 | 1.068 | 34.111 | 1.068 |
1000 TB | 47.542 | 2.115 | 66.734 | 2.115 | 66.734 | 2.115 | 66.734 | 2.115 | 66.734 | 2.115 |
2000 TB | 99.272 | 4.221 | 99.272 | 4.221 | 99.272 | 4.221 | 99.272 | 4.221 | 99.272 | 4.221 |
Table 3 Section 6.3:Yearly Maintenance Costs of LTO-4 technology based Storage Systems
Notes to the tables:
- Prices are averages of list prices from multiple vendors. A price that a customer has to pay is usually somewhat lower.
- Prices indicate price of raw capacity. At least double amount of tape media will be needed for backup purposes.
- Price in the system price column includes cost of tapes and drives for the capacity in question, but does not include any HSM software or hardware
- The tables indicate only investment costs and maintenance fees that have to be paid to a vendor. In addition to this, also costs from electricity, cooling, machine room, management, etc. must be included in individual calculations. Electricity and cooling of tape library system might cost 10% of purchase price over five year period.
Capacity | Drive technology | Size of drive (GB) | # of drives | System price (€) | Drive price (€) | Cost per GB (€) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 TB | SATA | 500–1000 | 5–10 | 11.884 | 1.000 | 2,38 |
10 TB | SATA | 750–1000 | 10–14 | 19.997 | 1.000 | 2,00 |
50 TB | SATA/FATA | 1000 | 50 | 124.334 | 1.800 | 2,49 |
100 TB | SATA/FATA | 1000 | 100 | 230.914 | 1.800 | 2,31 |
200 TB | SATA/FATA | 1000 | 200 | 456.942 | 1.800 | 2,28 |
500 TB | SATA/FATA | 1000 | 500 | 1.202.726 | 1.900 | 2,41 |
1000 TB | SATA/FATA | 1000 | 1000 | 2.566.513 | 1.900 | 2,57 |
2000 TB | SATA/FATA | 1000 | 2000 | 4.782.584 | 1.900 | 2,39 |
Table 4 Section 6.3: Investment Costs of HDD Based Storage Systems
Capacity | HW maintenance, year 1 (€) | SW maintenance, year 1 (€) | HW maintenance, year 2 (€) | SW maintenance, year 2 (€) | HW maintenance, year 3 (€) | SW maintenance, year 3 (€) | HW maintenance, year 4 (€) | SW maintenance, year 4 (€) | HW maintenance, year 5 (€) | SW maintenance, year 5 (€) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 TB | 826 | 750 | 826 | 750 | 826 | 750 | 1.845 | 750 | 1.845 | 750 |
10 TB | 1.206 | 1.125 | 1.206 | 1.125 | 1.206 | 1.125 | 2.600 | 1.125 | 2.600 | 1.125 |
50 TB | 5.822 | 6.125 | 5.822 | 6.125 | 5.822 | 6.125 | 12.365 | 6.125 | 12.365 | 6.125 |
100 TB | 10.514 | 8.500 | 10.514 | 8.500 | 10.514 | 8.500 | 22.391 | 8.500 | 22.391 | 8.500 |
200 TB | 21.724 | 12.750 | 21.724 | 12.750 | 21.724 | 12.750 | 44.956 | 12.750 | 44.956 | 12.750 |
500 TB | 57.061 | 37.250 | 57.061 | 37.250 | 130.394 | 37.250 | 130.394 | 37.250 | 130.394 | 37.250 |
1000 TB | 130.203 | 66.250 | 130.203 | 66.250 | 263.537 | 66.250 | 263.537 | 66.250 | 263.537 | 66.250 |
2000 TB | 223.778 | 124.250 | 223.778 | 124.250 | 477.121 | 124.250 | 477.121 | 124.250 | 477.121 | 124.250 |
Table 5 Section 6.3:Yearly Maintenance Costs of HDD Based Storage Systems
Notes to the tables:
- Prices are averages of list prices from multiple vendors. A price that a customer has to pay is usually somewhat lower.
- Price in the system price column includes cost of hard disk drives for the capacity in question.
- The tables indicate only investment costs and maintenance fees that have to be paid to a vendor. In addition to this also costs from electricity, cooling, machine room, management, etc.must be included in individual calculations. Electricity and cooling of hard disk drive system might cost 30% to 40% of purchase price over five years period.